Increases in alginate production and transcription levels of alginate lyase (alyA1) by control of the oxygen transfer rate in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures under diazotrophic conditions

BACKGROUND: Alginates are polysaccharides used in a wide range of industrial applications, with their functional properties depending on their molecular weight. In this study, alginate production and the expression of genes involved in polymerization and depolymerization in batch cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii were evaluated under controlled and noncontrolled oxygen transfer rate (OTR) conditions. RESULTS: Using an oxygen transfer rate (OTR) control system, a constant OTR (20.3 ± 1.3 mmol L 1 h 1 ) was maintained during cell growth and stationary phases. In cultures subjected to a controlled OTR, alginate concentrations were higher (5.5 ± 0.2 g L 1 ) than in cultures under noncontrolled OTR. The molecular weight of alginate decreased from 475 to 325 kDa at the beginning of the growth phase and remained constant until the end of the cultivation period. The expression level of alyA1, which encodes an alginate lyase, was more affected by OTR control than those of other genes involved in alginate biosynthesis. The decrease in alginate molecular weight can be explained by a higher relative expression level of alyA1 under the controlled OTR condition. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the first time that alginate production and alginate lyase (alyA1) expression levels have been evaluated in A. vinelandii cultures subjected to a controlled OTR. The results show that automatic control of OTR may be a suitable strategy for improving alginate production while maintaining a constant molecular weight.

Papel del alginato en la agregación de Azotobacter vinelandii en cultivo sumergido / The role of alginate in Azotobacter vinelandii aggregation in submerged culture

El cultivo de la cepa LA21, una cepa no mucoide de Azotobacter vinelandii, derivada de la cepa parentalATCC9046, reveló que el alginato no es necesario para la formacion de los agregados celulares. De hecho, la cepa mutante desarrollo agregados significativamente más grandes que los generados por la cepa parental mucoide (ATCC9046), lo cual sugiere que el alginato ejerce un efecto negativo sobre el tamaño de agregación debido a sus propiedades como agente tensoactivo. Al tratar los agregados con proteasas se produjo una disminucion en el diametro equivalente de las estructuras, sugiriendo la participacion de proteinas extracelulares en el proceso de agregacion de la bacteria.